Short-term efficacy of superficial X-ray treatment for infantile maxillofacial hemangioma / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study aimed to explore the short-term clinical efficacy and factors influencing low-dose superficial X-ray for treating infantile maxillofacial hemangioma.@*METHODS@#Retrospective analysis was conducted on 161 cases of infants with maxillofacial hemangioma treated with superficial X-ray in the Laser Center of Dermatology Department of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017. Clinical efficacy was analyzed by comparing the photos before and after treatment. Patients were further divided into groups according to different genders, age at the start of treatment, preterm birth or low birth weight, hemangioma site, longest diameter of hemangioma, and type of hemangioma to analyze whether differences existed in clinical efficacy and therapeutic dose between different groups.@*RESULTS@#Twelve months after the end of treatment, the overall cure rate was 93.8%, and the significant efficiency was 97.5%. The clinical efficacy was related to the age of children at the beginning of treatment and the type of hemangioma (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Low-dose superficial X-ray is safe and effective for the treatment of infantile maxillofacial hemangioma. Age and type of hemangioma at the time of treatment are the factors influencing therapeutic dose and clinical efficacy.

Prevalence of multiple anxiety disorder and associated factors among adolescents three years after Ya’an Earthqhake / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To examine the prevalence of multiple anxiety disorder of adolescents in Lushan, Sichuan and to provide the scientific reference for a long-term psychological intervention and rehabilitation for adolescents after earthquake.@*Methods@#In May 2016, 3 741 students were sampled in two middle schools and two high schools in Lushan county. Self-report questionnaice regarding exposure to earthquake, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), and negative life events questionnaire (ASLES) were administered to the subjects.@*Results@#The prevalence of anxiety symptoms of adolescents in Lushan, Sichuan was 42.3%, among which panic disorder was 36.3%; generalized anxiety was 29.5%, separation anxiety was 40.3%, social anxiety was 26.1%, school fear was 32.4%. Junior school students resported more symptoms of separation anxiety than high school students (χ2=33.09, P<0.01). The results of Logistic regression showed that girls (OR=2.34, 95%CI=2.00-2.74, P<0.01), high negative life events (OR=2.87, 95%CI=2.60-3.17, P<0.01), trapped in earthqnakes (OR=1.77, 95%CI=1.18-2.67, P<0.01), parents injured (OR=1.22, 95%CI=1.03-1.43, P=0.02), experienced extreme fear (OR=1.78, 95%CI=1.52-2.08, P<0.01) were associated with higher risk of anxiety disorder.@*Conclusion@#High prevalence of anxiety disorder among adolescent following disaster need to be alerted. Adolescents among female victim or those experienced extreme fear emotion or high frequencies of negative life events, need specific intervention.

Prevalence and influencing factors of myopia for the Chinese junior high school students / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To analyze the mechanism of the influencing factors of myopia for junior high school students in China. Methods Based on the follow-up to 7 119 students in the 3 waves of questionnaire survey of the Chinese Education Panel Survey in junior high school stage, and the variables on students’ myopia status, myopia influencing factors, and two kinds of risk behaviors of myopia including near visual activities and outdoor activities, the mediation effects of the myopia risk behaviors were tested by Logistic regression model. Results The myopia prevalence of 9th graders before junior high school graduation was 66.36%. Time on writing homework significantly increased the risk of myopia，the odds ratio (OR) was 1.17，the 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.13-1.21, and the time on outdoor sports significantly decreased the risk of myopia (OR=0.80，95% CI:0.75-0.86). Before and after including the risk behaviors into the model, the myopia risk OR(95% CI) of female centralized from 1.84(1.66-2.04) to 1.69(1.51-1.88), the myopia risk OR(95% CI) of urban students’centralized from 1.19(1.03-1.37) to 1.16(1.00-1.34), the myopia risk OR(95% CI) of only children’centralized from 1.20(1.06-1.36) to 1.18(1.04-1.33). With reference to not myopic for both parents, the myopia risk OR(95% CI) of students having one myopic parent centralized from 2.47(2.12-2.88) to 2.44(2.09-2.85), the myopia risk OR(95% CI) of students having parent without myopic centralized from 4.25(3.09-5.86) to 4.13(3.00-5.69). Conclusions Gender, urban and rural, only child, and myopic parents are influencing factors of myopia. These factors have effects on myopia via two kinds of risk behaviors including outdoor activities and near visual activities.

Consistency of different physicians in diagnosis of malignant breast lesions with breast CEUS predictive model: A multicenter study / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To explore the consistency of different physicians in diagnosis of malignant breast lesions with breast CEUS predictive model.Methods Totally 953 patients with solitary breast nodule from multicenter who underwent ultrasound and CEUS were collected.The research team was composed by the initial group (one junior physician from each hospital),check group (one or two physicians who had at least two-year experience of CEUS examination from each hospital),research group (two senior physicians from Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital) and cross-blinded group (one or two vice directors or chief physicians from each hospital).At first,the lesions were classified according to the breast imaging reporting and data system (BI RADS) by the initial group and the check group,then new BI RADS classifications were performed by research group and cross blind group with breast CEUS predictive model.The consistency of different physicians in diagnosis of malignant breast lesions was analyzed.Results Among 953 patients,benign lesions were found in 451 patients (451/953,47.32％),malignant lesions were found in 435 patients (435/953,45.65％),and precancerous lesions were found in 67 patients (67/953,7.03％).The accuracy of the initial group,check group,research group and cross-blinded group was 71.67％(683/953),74.92％(714/953),80.17％ (764/953) and 83.42 ％ (795/953),respectively.The consistency of different physicians for diagnosis of malignant breast lesions between initial group and check group was good (Kappa =0.82,P＜0.001),while between initial group and crossblinded group,initial group and research group were both moderate (Kappa =0.56,0.41;all P＜0.001).The consistency of different physicians for diagnosis of malignant breast lesions between cheek group and cross-blinded group,between check group and research group were both moderate (Kappa =0.68,0.51;all P＜0.001).The consistency between research group and cross-blinded group with breast CEUS predictive model was moderate (Kappa =0.74,P＜ 0.001).Conclusion The consistency of different physicians in diagnosis of malignant breast lesions with breast CEUS predictive model was moderate.

Orexin and sleep-wake regulation / 国际药学研究杂志

Orexins consisting of isoforms A and B are neuropeptides produced in lateral hypothalamic neurons. Orexin neurons send excitatory projections across the whole central nervous system except cerebellum, with particularly dense projections to monoaminergic and cholinergic neurons in the hypothalamus and brain stem. Orexins regulate sleep and wakefulness through two G protein-coupled receptors, namely Orexin 1 receptor and Orexin 2 receptor. Dysfunction in Orexin neurotransmission results in nar-coleptic phenotype in humans and animals. This review summarizes the modulation of Orexin system on sleep-wake states and the pharmacological potential of targeting Orexin receptors in treating sleep disorders.

Evaluation of the sedative and hypnotic effects of H1208 / 药学学报

This study is to investigate the sedative and hypnotic effects of a novel compound H1208. The sedative activity of H1208 was investigated by recording the spontaneous locomotor activity of mice. The hypnotic property was evaluated by the latency and duration of sleep (loss of righting reflex) in mice and the effect of hypnotics on sleep pattern of electroencephalogram were studied in conscious, freely moving mice with chronically implanted electrodes. The brain monoamine neurotransmitters levels in mice were measured by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection. The spontaneous locomotor activity was decreased by 56.7% and 80.2% in H1208 (5 and 25 mg x kg(-1), ip) treated mice, respectively. The loss of righting reflex was directly induced in mice after H1208 (60 mg x kg(-1), ip) administration. The non-rapid eye movement sleep increased significantly by 131% and 259%, respectively, within 3 hours after H1208 (30 and 60 mg x kg(-1), ip) administration. However, the rapid eye movement sleep decreased significantly. The contents of DA in the striatum and cortex and 5-HT in the cortex decreased significantly. These results demonstrated that H1208 has potent sedative and hypnotic effects, which may be closely related to the decreased contents of DA and 5-HT in mouse brain.

Application of monoclonal antibody immobilized polyurethane film for site-specific gene therapy / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the feasibility of delivering viral gene vector from a collagen-coated polyurethane (PU) film through a mechanism involving monoclonal antiviral antibody tethering.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Anti-adenoviral monoclonal antibodies were covalently bound to the collagen-coated PU surface. These antibodies enabled tethering of replication defective adenoviruses through highly specific antigen-antibody affinity. The PU film-based gene delivery using antibody-tethered adenovirus encoding green fluorescent protein (GEP) was tested in rat arterial smooth muscle cell (A10 cell) culture in vitro. The virus binding stability was studied by incubating the collagen-coated PU film in PBS solution at 37 degrees C for 20 days, followed with A10 cell cultures with the incubated films and the corresponding buffer solution.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PU films with antibody-tethered adenovirus encoding GFP demonstrated efficient and highly localized gene delivery to A10 cells. Virus binding was stable for at least 10 days at physiological conditions, more than 77% of the originally bound virus remained in the film after 15 day's incubation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Gene delivery using PU film-based anti-viral antibody tethering of vectors exhibited potentials of applications in a wide array of single or multiple therapeutic gene strategies, and in further stent-based gene delivery therapeutic strategies.</p>

Influence of water-soluble additives on drug release kinetics from biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) matrix / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To evaluate the effects of an array of additives on drug release from double-layered poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) matrices.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Additives differing in molecular size, hydrophilicity and steric configuration were selected for this study. An anti-proliferative 2-aminochromone, U-86983 (U-86, Pharmacia and Upjohn), was used as a model agent because of our interest in investigating local drug delivery systems for the inhibition of restenosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In vitro release of U-86 PLGA matrices without additive showed a typical biphasic release kinetics, i.e. a slow diffusion release (Phase I) followed by a fast erosion-mediated release (Phase II). The water-soluble additives in PLGA matrices changed the biphasic release pattern to a near monophasic profile by increasing the release of the Phase I. Increasing the ratio of additives to PLGA in matrices caused a significant increase in U-86 release rates. A high molecular weight water-soluble additive, Pluronic F127, resulted in a matrix showing perfect zero-order release kinetics. The morphologic evaluation of matrices using scanning electron microscopy indicated that the water-soluble additives were leachable and thus generated a highly porous structure in the matrices. Conclusion Water-solubility, molecular size and steric configuration of additives are the important determinants in generating various types of pore structures in polymer matrix which in turn affect the release mechanism and release kinetics.</p>

Endovascular microcoil applied for gene delivery system / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the possibility of using an endovascular microcoil as a gene delivery system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Anti-adenoviral monoclonal antibodies were covalently attached to the collagen-coated surface of platinum microcoil. These antibodies were used to tether adenovirus encoding green fluorescent protein (Ad-GFP). Cell culture studies with rat arterial smooth muscle cells (A10) assessed transduction on or near the coil. Platinum coils coated with Ad-GFP were implanted into the ligated common carotid artery (CCA) of adult rats in a model of arterial stasis and pressurization. After 7 days, CCA segments were harvested, and coils were removed for histopathology and GFP expression studies, while organs were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction to assess viral biodistribution.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In cell culture studies, GFP-positive smooth muscle cells were detected only on the platinum coil surface. After 7 days, GFP was detected on the harvested platinum coil and in the organizing thrombus within the CCA according to fluorescence microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Morphometric analyses revealed that (13.3 +/- 2.0)% of cells within the organized thrombus were transduced with Ad-GFP via the gene delivery system. Ad-GFP was not detectable by polymerase chain reaction in lung, liver, or kidney.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gene delivery endovascular microcoils represents an interventional device-based gene therapy system that can serve as a suitable platform for either single or multiple gene therapy vectors.</p>